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Abstract: Reality can be regarded either as the intelligible (the correlate of thought) or as the sensuous (the correlate of experience), as remarked by Plato and Hegel, and it is necessarily posited as objectively existing and ascertainable, namely as a positive. Hence, one can hold either a positivism of the sensuous, like Husserl, or a positivism of the intelligible, like the German idealists. According to the former, the real is the sensuous given and has eidetic structures independent of thought, therefore logical thought-forms have no real meaning, proper ontology is the eidetic description of the given as such, and world-constitution has an irrational ground. According to the latter, instead, the real is the thought and has a logical structure, whereas the sensuous given is an illusion. Unlike Husserl’s, however, the idealists’ positivism cannot account for world-constitution, because it downplays the constitutive function of the sensuous given and its structures, which cannot be really modified by thought.

Mots-clefs: positivism, idealism, realism, Husserl, Hegel, Fichte, Adorno.

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